Seric ion level and its relationship with the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in young women / Nivel de iones sérica y su relación con los síntomas del síndrome premenstrual en mujeres jóvenes

The aim of the study was to evaluate the seric ions level and its relationship with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) symptoms in young women. Method: Ninety-three volunteers were monitored for three months. The nutritional status evaluation was based on BMI. Three "maps of daily symptoms" were used to investigate the frequency of the SPM symptoms. The biochemical evaluation was done in the first month in the luteal phase. The levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium were determined by colorimetric methods. The hemoglobin and hematocrit concentration were determined by conventional methods. Results: The symptoms like anxiety (1,13; 0,81; 0,66), edema (0,99; 0,51; e 0,22), depression (0,58; 0,36; 0,20) and mastalgia (0,56; 0,35; 0,09) were the most evident in the menstrual than luteal and follicular phase. A small number of volunteers presented hypocalemia (1,4%), hyponatremia (4,22%) and hypernatremia (7,04%). However, the higher number of the volunteers presented lower calcium level (83,09%). The frequency of anemic women was high (24%). Significant associations (P < 0.05) were observed between the anxiety symptom and sodium (r = 0,2630); and magnesium and depression (r = 0,2508) and nauseas (r = 2882). Conclusions: The anemia and hypocalcemia is a important nutritional problem. The regulation of the calcium serum level seems to be affected in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and the sodium and magnesium ions influence some psychological (anxiety and depression) and gastrointestinal (nausea and constipation) symptoms (AU)

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el nivel de iones séricos y su relación con el síndrome premenstrual (PMS) Los síntomas en las mujeres jóvenes. Método: Noventa y tres voluntarios fueron monitoreados durante tres meses. La evaluación del estado nutricional se basa en el índice de masa corporal. Tres "mapas de síntomas diarios" se utilizaron para investigar la frecuencia de los síntomas de SPM. La evaluación bioquímica se realizó en el primer mes de la fase lútea. Los niveles de sodio, de potasio, de calcio, de magnesio se determinaron por métodos colorimétricos. La concentración de hemoglobina y hematocrito se determinaron por métodos convencionales. Resultados: Los síntomas como la ansiedad (1,13, 0,81, 0,66), edema (0,99, 0,51, 0,22 e), depresión (0,58, 0,36, 0,20) y la mastalgia (0,56; 0,35; 0,09) fueron los más evidentes en el ciclo menstrual de lútea y la fase folicular. Un pequeño número de voluntarios presentó hipocalemia (1,4%), hiponatremia (4,22%) y la hipernatremia (7,04%). Sin embargo, el mayor número de los voluntarios presentó menor nivel de calcio (83,09%). La frecuencia de las mujeres anémicas fue alta (24%). Se encontraron asociaciones significativas (P < 0,05) entre el síntoma de ansiedad y sodio (r = 0,2630), y magnesio y la depresión (r = 0,2508) y náuseas (r = 2,882). Conclusiones: La anemia y la hipocalcemia es un problema nutricional importante. La regulación de la concentración sérica de calcio parece ser afectada en la fase lútea del ciclo menstrual y el sodio y los iones de magnesio influir en algunos (ansiedad y depresión) psicológica y los síntomas gastrointestinales (náuseas y estreñimiento) (AU)

Estado nutricional e consumo alimentar de mulheres jovens na fase lútea e folicular do ciclo menstrual / Nutritional status and food consumption of young women in the luteal and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o estado nutricional e a ingestão alimentar de mulheres adultas sadias durante o ciclo menstrual. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e cinco voluntárias foram acompanhadas durante três meses. A avaliação do estado nutricional foi baseada no índice de massa corporal, porcentagem de gordura e água corporal. Foram aplicados seis registros alimentares para análise da ingestão dos grupos de alimentos, usando como base o guia alimentar da pirâmide. Para a observação do sintoma "desejos alimentares", foram utilizados três "mapas de sintomas diários". RESULTADOS: Os valores médios de índice de massa corporal e de porcentagem de gordura corporal apresentaram-se normais em ambas as fases, entretanto foi observado maior percentual de mulheres com água corporal acima do padrão na fase lútea (77 por cento). O consumo de alimentos do grupo complementar foi maior na fase lútea. Todos os outros grupos de alimentos, com exceção do grupo de carnes, apresentaram consumo inferior às recomendações, em ambas as fases. A intensidade do sintoma "desejos alimentares" foi leve durante o ciclo menstrual, não sendo observada diferença significativa entre as fases. O sintoma "desejos alimentares" associou-se positivamente com o aumento da ingestão do grupo complementar na fase lútea. CONCLUSÃO: O ciclo menstrual influencia o comportamento alimentar e leva à retenção hídrica, na fase lútea, em mulheres adultas sadias.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the nutritional status and food intake of healthy young women during the menstrual cycle. METHODS: Forty-five volunteers were followed for three months. Their nutritional status was determined by body mass index, body fat and total body water. Six food recall instruments were used to evaluate food group intake according to the food guide pyramid. Food cravings were detected by three daily symptom charts. RESULTS: The mean body mass index and body fat were normal in both phases; however, there was a higher percentage of women with above-average body water during the luteal phase (77 percent). The consumption of foods from the complementary group was higher during the luteal phase. The consumption of foods from all other groups during both phases was below the recommended levels, except for meats. Food cravings were mild during the entire menstrual cycle and there were no significant differences between the phases. Food cravings were positively associated with increased intake of foods from the complementary group. CONCLUSION: In healthy women, the menstrual cycle influences food consumption and the luteal phase causes water retention.